Discovery Communications

Bethany Kozachuk and Christina McDonagh
Discovery Communications' logo

Discovery Communications’ logo

Discovery Communications
One Discovery Place
Silver Spring, MD 20910

Phone Number: (240) 662-2000
Website: http://www.discovery.com/

OVERVIEW

iceberg_alley

Poster for Iceberg Alley

Founded in 1982 by University of Alabama graduate John Hendricks, Discovery Communications has become one of the most influential companies in the global cable market. Discovery struggled at first, but deals with the cable operators such as Telecommunications Inc, Cox Cable Communications, and Newhouse Broadcasting group soon arose. By June of 1986, Discovery had seven million subscribers; spurring the company to commission its first original program, Iceberg Alleyin 1989[11] [4]

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Discovery Channel Logo

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TLC Logo

 

animal-planet-logo

Animal Planet Logo

Discovery Communications has become one of the leaders in global entertainment. The company consists of 33 channels worldwide, three full-service production studios, and in the US, 13 cable and satellite networks that compromise the industries most widely distributed portfolios in the US. This portfolio includes three major channels: Discovery Channel, TLC (formerly The Learning Channel) and Animal Planet. These three channels reach over 91 million households in the US and have kept Discovery Communications at the top of the industry. Discovery’s content can be divided into three genres: Kids, Sports, and Non- fiction.[6] [11]

 

Key Executives

President & CEO of Discovery Communications

President & CEO of Discovery Communications

The President and CEO of Discovery Communications is David Zaslav. Zaslav has led the company since 2007, and under his reign, Discovery has begun trading as a public company on the Nasdaq stock exchange. As a result, in 2014, the Discovery became a Fortune 500 company. [10]

Bruce Campbell, Chief Development Officer and General Counsel

Bruce Campbell, Chief Development Officer and General Counsel

Andrew Warren-Senior Executive VP and CFO

Andrew Warren-Senior Executive VP and CFO

President Discovery Networks International

Jean-Briac Perrette President
Discovery Networks International

2016-2017 Program Roster

shark-week

Shark Week Poster

For the 2016-2017 Programming Slate, Discovery announced that their lineup would consist of 22 returning shows, but also 20 new shows as well. Cooper’s Treasure Sacred Steel, The Wheel, and a Deadliest Catch spin-off,  Deadliest Catch:Dungeon Coveare four of the highly anticipated shows coming out this season. Discovery also announced that they would be launching a revolutionary anthology series called Discovery ImpactThe series was aired at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival and will focus on the impact that mankind has had on the earth’s environment, as well as what individual people can do to solve the global environmental issues.[9] Fan favorites like Naked and Afraid, Gold Rushand Bering Sea Gold are on the roster for this year as well. The week long event Shark Week has been kept on as well. Last year’s Shark Week had the highest ratings ever for the event. All of these programs have kept Discovery at the top of the pack, but there are still gaps that need to be filled in this programming giant’s empire. [1]

Financials

According to the third quarter reports, net income available to Discovery decreased 22% to $219 million from $279 million due to a $50 million after-tax impairment charge because of a Lionsgate investment and higher equity-based compensation. This was fractionally offset by a decrease in taxes, currency-related transaction gains, and higher contribution from equity investors income. Discovery’s earnings per share (EPS) decreased 16% to $0.36 because of lower DCI Net Income, but that was partially offset due to lower shares outstanding.  Adjusted EPS decreased 15% to $0.40 compared to $0.47 of last years third quarter. Free cash flow dramatically increased 75% to $410 million due to lower cash taxes and the timing of working capital.[3] With all of this financial information, it seems as though Discovery has done well for itself in the third quarter, but there are some concerns within the company about distributing media more effectively and their ranking in the stock exchange.[7]

While Discovery is considered to be wildly successful, the company is not immune to hardships. Discovery posed an earnings surprise (down) of 16.39% and in the past three of four quarters has had an earnings surprise averaging 6.02%. These swings in earnings are due to the company’s struggle to produce advertising revenue. Also, problematically, a major source of its revenue comes from 10% of its customers.[15]

discovery-stocks-final

Chart of Stock Prices 2015-2016

Stocks at discovery have been sporadic over the years. While the company was doing well in 2015, once 2016 hit, Discovery seemed to take a sharp drop, according to the NASDAQ. Stock has been consistently declining over the past months, but there is still hope for Discovery. With the growth of online streaming and OTP (over the top), many customers are cutting their ties to cable and satellite. In order to keep viewers tuning in, Discovery Communications has begun efforts to get its content on as many screens as possible.[15]

Happening Now

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560 Media Logo

In November, Discovery joined a group of over thirty producers and distributors that signed with 560 Media. 560 Media is a Global Collections Agency that offers clients intelligence-based revenue-management services.[8] The agency specializes in Television and Film rights that are beneficial to companies in a fragmented and intricate market. Discovery’s partnering with 560 Media will certainly give the evolving company the new edge that it desperately needs. [12] The Director of Global Music at Discovery thinks that,”…560 Media’s fresh and flexible approach to catalog representation will assist Discovery in this specialist area, allowing us to maximize remuneration in the international arena.” Management at Discovery is also working on shifting their focus toward secondary rights management for their high quality catalog. 560 Media will enable Discovery to keep tabs on their revenues and help Discovery gain earning power that is crucial in today’s market.[13]

While Discovery has been late to the online TV business, it certainly has been making

Discovery GO's logo. The streaming app introduced on December 2nd 2015.

Discovery GO’s logo. The streaming app introduced on December 2nd 2015.

efforts to catch up with other companies like Disney. Last year, the company began allowing online streaming through the Discovery GO app to cable and satellite subscribers. Research found that the key demographic for the app was between 18 and 34, yet that hasn’t quite helped the network grow. [14] Discovery also announced that they will be starting a joint venture to hasten the growth of its Eurosport channel to an online-format as well as new collaborative efforts with Mediacom, Hulu, Sony Corporation, and CBS Corp. Discovery has also launched a joint deal to produce a new digital-only media holding company named Group9. Group9 will be a digital and social media video provider that will have an estimated 3.5 billion views per month. Discovery will own 39% of the entity and have the option to purchase the whole company outright.[2]

The Future?

Discovery has recently partnered with AT&T to expand their streaming services with DirecTV Now. Other networks and program providers like Disney, HBO, Turner, and NBC Universal have signed up to work with AT&T in their new DirecTV Now subscription video on demand (SVOD) program. There will be three streaming options provided. Two will charge a monthly rate, and the third, Freeview, will be ad-supported. There will be a wide variety of content on the streaming service that will vary depending upon which option the subscriber chooses.[16]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1]. @Cablefax. “Discovery Upfront.” Cablefax. N.p., 01 Apr. 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

[2]. “Can Discovery Communications Survive in a Streaming TV World?” NASDAQ.com. N.p., 18 Nov. 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. http://www.fool.com/investing/2016/11/18/can-discovery-communications-survive-in-a-streamin.aspx

[3].”Christian Wheeler.” ReviewForTune. N.p., 18 Nov. 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

[4]. “Discovery Communications, Inc. – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Discovery Communications, Inc.” Discovery Communications, Inc. – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Discovery Communications, Inc. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

[5]. “Discovery Communications, Inc.” Discovery Communications Inc. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

[6]. “Discovery Communications, Inc.” Discovery Communications Inc. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

[7]. “Discovery Third-Quarter Earnings, U.S. Ad Revenue Drop.” Surghar Daily. N.p., 03 Nov. 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

[8]. Editor. “Discovery Taps 560 Media for Rights Revenue Collection.” Rapid TV News. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. www.fiercecable.com/broadcasting/discovery-signs-deal-560-media-for-secondary-rights

[9].Hipes, Patrick. “Discovery Channel Greenlights Unibomber Scripted Series & ?Deadliest Catch Spinoff For 2016-2017; Sibling Nets Unveil New Slates Upfronts.” Deadline. N.p., 31 Mar. 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. corporate.discovery.com/discovery-newsroom/discovery-channel-announces-2016-2017-upfront-programming-slate/

[10]. “CNBC Excerpts: David Zaslav, CEO of Discovery Communications, on CNBC’s Closing Bell Today.” CNBC. N.p., 19 Oct. 2016. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

[11]. @IDAorg. “Two Decades of Discovery, and There’s Still More to Learn.” International Documentary Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. www.documentary.org/magazine/two-decades-discovery-and-theres-still-more-learn

[12]. Munson, Ben. “Discovery Signs Deal with 560 Media for Secondary Rights.” FierceCable. N.p., 18 Nov. 2016. Web. 10 Nov. 2016.

[13]. “NEWS.” 560 MEDIA. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. www.560media.com/news/

[14]. Rossolillo, Nicholas. “Can Discovery Communications Survive in a Streaming TV World?” The Motley Fool. N.p., 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.

[15]. Street, Active Wall. “Post Earnings Coverage as Discovery Communications Misses Earnings and Revenue Forecast.” Baystreet.ca. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016. www.baystreet.ca/viewarticle.aspx?id=448707

[16]. https://corporate.discovery.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/163002_2016_Q3_AT-A-GLANCE_WEB.pdf

A&E Television Networks – Max Redinger

Max Redinger
A+E Networks Logo

A+E Television Networks Logo / Source: aframe.com [1]

A+E NETWORKS

235 E 45th St
New York, NY 10017
(212) 210-1400

http://www.aenetworks.com/


 

COMPANY OVERVIEW

“cultivating…the human experience” – A+E

ABOUT

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A majority of A+E Networks portfolio of over ten original cable channel brands / Source: Hearst.com [4]

Founded in 1984 as The Arts & Entertainment Network, A+E Networks is an award-winning, global media company whose programming reaches more than 330 million homes in 160 markets and 39 languages with its diverse 62 channel feeds. [3] When it began broadcasting on February 1, 1984, the network was seen on 1,500 cable systems with nine million subscribers.[5] Celebrating its tenth anniversary in 1994, the company officially changed its name to A+E and redefined its range of programming. It would focus on three themes: original biographies, mysteries, and specials. [5] [6] The company is a joint venture between Hearst Corporation and Disney-ABC Television Group. The content is distributed through its portfolio of channel brands, History, A&E, Lifetime, LMN, H2, Crime + Investigation, FYI, LRW, BIO, Military History, History en Espanõl and is licensed to third party broadcast television clients. [1] [3] By 1999 the A+E Network reached more than 78 million cable subscribers, while The History Channel was viewed by more than 70 million households in over 50 countries, making it the fastest growing cable network since its launch. [5] As of 2014 A+E Networks is valued at $26 billion. [7] A+E Networks main competitors are Discovery Communications, AMC Networks, and Turner Broadcasting System. [19]

KEY LEADERSHIP

Nancy Dubuc - President and Chief Executive Officer, A+E Networks

Nancy Dubuc – President and Chief Executive Officer, A+E Networks / Source: aenetworks.com [2]

Robert DeBitetto - President, Brand Strategy, Business Development and A+E Studios, A+E Networks

Robert DeBitetto – President, Brand Strategy, Business Development and A+E Studios, A+E Networks / Source: aenetworks.com [2]

- Melvin Berning - President, Chief Revenue Officer

Melvin Berning – President, Chief Revenue Officer / Source: aenetworks.com [2]

 

 

 

 

 

 

- David Granville-Smith - Executive Vice President And Chief Financial Officer, A+E Networks

David Granville-Smith – Executive Vice President And Chief Financial Officer, A+E Networks / Source: aenetworks.com [2]

Michael Feeney - Executive Vice President, Corporate Communications

Michael Feeney – Executive Vice President, Corporate Communications / Source: aenetworks.com [2]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


FALL 2015 COMPANY NEWS

VICELAND JOINT VENTURE

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Vice Media LLC logo / Source: adweek.com [10]

A+E Networks will turn its H2 channel into Viceland, a 24-hour cable network programmed by multimedia company Vice Media. [8] Launching in early 2016, Viceland will be distributed in approximately 70 million homes, and will feature hundreds of hours of new lifestyle and documentary programming developed by the youth-centric brand. [9] Oscar-winning writer/director and Vice creative director, Spike Jonze, will oversee all aspects of the new channel’s development. Over a year ago, A+E Networks made a $250 million investment in Vice, bringing its stake in the company to 15%. [11] A+E Networks will handle distribution and technical operations and have put complete trust in Vice, handing over all programming rights. A+E has suffered an audience decline over the last year as ratings from reality TV hits, such as Duck Dynasty, have fallen to moderate numbers. [8] A+E is making smart decisions utilizing Vice to win back and incentivize younger audiences with new original programming. Viceland will launch with a full slate of prime-time shows, including Gaycation (with Ellen Page) and Huang’s World (with Eddie Huang). [10] A+E is committed to expanding H2 internationally, distributing it into over 68 territories, as well as its production of informational-based historical content. [9]

NEW PLATFORM: *ASTERISK

A+E's new digital content brand Asterisk's logo / Source: realscreen.com

A+E’s new digital content brand Asterisk’s logo / Source: realscreen.com

A+E launched new digital brand called Asterisk, a website featuring stories examining contemporary culture through a historical lens. The site is aimed at a younger millennial demo, posting articles that include videos, photos, quizzes and BuzzFeed-esque lists etc. [13] According to A+E, the brand features premium content “created for sharing across the social web,” [14] and also offers marketing partners “native advertising” solutions customizable for specific products. The site analyzes 10 cultural categories: life skills, sports, food and drink, people, ideas, arts and entertainment, work, style, travel and tech. [13]

Check out this fun article exemplifying Asterisk’s take on history comparing Southern Democrats LBJ and Frank Underwood, the devious politician from Netflix’s House of Cards, which reveals the real American president as the bigger badass.

JBJ UNDERWOOD

President LBJ and Spacey’s Francis Underwood battle for the title of most “badass” president on A+E’s new digital platform, Asterisk / Source: theasterisktoday.com

LIBERTY GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION DEAL

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The communications giant, Liberty Global’s, logo / Source: libertyglobal.com [17]

A+E Networks has signed an extended distribution deal with British-based telecommunications and television company, Liberty Global, for exclusive carriage of its channels across Europe. A+E Networks branded content can now be located on Liberty Global networks in the UK, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Romania, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. [15] Liberty Global is the largest cable company in the world, with 27 million customers across 14 countries. [16] Lifetime and H2 will be available in the UK and Ireland for the first time. Also under the terms of the new deal, all current A+E Networks UK channels have to remain on their existing Liberty Global platforms, which already reach over 15.5 million subscribers regularly. [15] Ultimately, this deal gives A+E Networks channels and content across all platforms greater access to new subscribers and markets. [16]

CRITICS’ CHOICE AWARDS

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Critics’ Choice Movie Awards and Critics’ Choice Television Awards respective show logos before combing into one award show / Source: Deadline.com

Beginning next year, A+E Networks will combine the Critics’ Choice Movie Awards and the Critics’ Choice Television Awards into one three-hour event. A+E partnered with the Broadcast Film Critics Association and the Broadcast Television Journalists Association in 2014 to obtain exclusive broadcast rights for the 2015 and 2016 awards. [12] The new show, the 21st Annual Critics’ Choice Awards, will be cast live January 17 on A+E Networks’ A&E, Lifetime and LMN simultaneously. Last year, The Critics’ Choice Movie Awards drew 1.92 million total viewers and the Television Awards, after moving from the CW, drew 522,000 total viewers. Bob Bain Productions and Berlin Entertainment will produce the new show. [12]

COMPANY REORGANIZATION

Over the last few fall months, A+E Networks has experienced significant corporate restructuring, promoting valued executives and ushering in a new president.

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Jana Bennett / Source: tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com

A+E Networks has promoted Jana Bennett to President and General Manager of History. Bennet joined A+E as President of FYI and LMN in 2013 and will oversee all strategic planning, programming, marketing and brand development for History and sister, H2. Under Bennet’s leadership, FYI and LMN became two of the fastest growing networks in television. FYI experienced a double-digit ratings growth in its first year on air thanks to new series Married at First Sight, Arranged and Seven Year Switch. [24]

Arturo Interian / Source: Variety.com

Arturo Interian / Source: Variety.com [22]

History promoted A+E veteran Arturo Interian to Senior Vice President, Scripted Programming. Interian recently served as Vice President, Original Movies for A+E’s sister network Lifetime, spearheading the Emmy Award nominated miniseries Bonnie & Clyde, and Marilyn. In 2002, Interian joined the company after serving as Director, Movies for Television and Miniseries for CBS. He is currently heading the upcoming series Roots and History’s hit drama series Vikings season four. [20]

Stacy Green / Source: Variety.com

Stacy Green / Source: Variety.com [23]

Stacy Green has been promoted to Executive Vice President, Global Human Resources and Facilities for A+E Networks. After joining A+E in 2013 as Senior Vice President, Human Resources, she modernized A+E Networks’ employee benefits plans and policies. [21] As the new Executive Vice President, Green will place a focus on culture and people to be reflected in the workspaces of employees, throughout all A+E Network divisions. [21]


FINANCIALS

A+E Television Networks is a privately traded company.


LOOKING TO THE FUTURE

A+E’s NEW PROGRAMMING SLATE

Highlights of A+E Networks new slate of original programming across its portfolio

A&E

brand

A+E channel A&E’s logo / Source: aetv.com [25]

  • A&E Networks has slated a six-episode hour-long mystery crime drama series The Frankenstein Chronicles starring Sean Bean (Game of Thrones) premiering next year. [26]

  • On December 8, A&E’s new six episode hour-long original docu-series Born This Way, following a group of seven young adults born with Down syndrome, premieres. [27]

 

HISTORY

The History Channel logo / Source: history.com

The History Channel logo / Source: history.com [29]

  • History will premiere a eight-part docu-drama series in 2016, Barbarians Rising, about the 700-year empire. The series is a global production spanning more than 185 territories. [30]

  • The channel has also ordered 16 episodes of Join or Die with Craig Ferguson, a half-hour comedy show in which host, Craig Ferguson, debates provocative and timely topics with a panel of guests and history experts. [31]

  • History, A&E and Lifetime greenlight the scripted remake series ROOTS, a historical portrait of American slavery spanning multiple generations, to be simulcast for a new generation of viewers in 2016. [32]

LIFETIME

A+E channel Liftime's logo / Source: mylifetime.com

A+E channel Liftime’s logo / Source: mylifetime.com [33]

  • On January 18 Lifetime will premiere the limited series even War & Peace, reimagined for a new generation, starring Paul Dano and Gillian Anderson. [34]

  • Premiering January 5 at 10pm, Pitch Slapped, a new eight hour-long docu-series analyzing the competitive nature of high school a cappella. [35]

 

 

FYI

A+E channel FYI's logo / Source: fyi.tv [36]

A+E channel FYI’s logo / Source: fyi.tv [36]

  • On December 8, FYI will air its new hour-long ten episode original series #BlackLove, which follows five black women from NYC on a journey to find love. [37]

  • Eight one-hour episodes of Khloe Kardashian’s new non-traditional talk show, Cocktails with Khloe, is set to premiere on December 9. [38]

 


 

SOURCES:

 

[1] “A+E Networks Gets Content to Market Around the World Faster with Aframe.” Aframe RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2015.

[2] “Executive Bios | A+E Networks.” Executive Bios | A+E Networks. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2015.

[3] “About | A+E Networks.” About | A+E Networks. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.

[4] “A+E Entertainment | Hearst Media.” Hearst.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.

[5] “A & E Television Networks History.” History of A & E Television Networks – FundingUniverse. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2015.

[6] “A&E Television Networks, Major Television Networks.” Moviestaff. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[7] “A+E at 30: How a Tiny Network Became a $26 Billion Success Story.” The Hollywood Reporter. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[8] “Vice Media Gets Channel on A+E Networks.” WSJ. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[9] “VICE AND A+E NETWORKS ANNOUNCE NEW TV NETWORK VICELAND (WORKING TITLE).” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[10] “Vice Will Take Over A+E Networks’ H2 Next Year, Rebranding It as Viceland.” AdWeek. AdWeek, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.

[11] “Vice & A+E Networks To Launch Viceland TV Channel In 2016 That Will Replace H2.” Deadline. Deadline, 03 Nov. 2015. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.

[12] “Critics’ Choice Movie & TV Awards Merge To Become One Show.” Deadline. Deadline, 30 Sept. 2015. Web. 29 Nov. 2015.

[13] “A+E Launches Asterisk Internet-Media Brand with New Spins on History (Exclusive).” Variety. N.p., 13 Apr. 2015. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[14] “A+E Networks Launches Digital Brand “Asterisk”.” Realscreen. Realscreen, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[15] “A&E Television Networks, LLC: Private Company Information.” Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[16] “Liberty Global And A+E Networks Expand Pan-European Partnership.” Deadline. Deadline, 02 Nov. 2015. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[17] “ANNUALREPORT2014.” Online Annual Report. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[18] “LBJ Would Wipe the Floor with Frank Underwood.” Asterisk. Asterisk, 10 Apr. 2015. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[19] “A&E Television Networks, LLC.” |Company Profile|Vault.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[20] “HISTORY PROMOTES TWO PROGRAMMING EXECUTIVES AND ADDS NEW VICE PRESIDENT OF DEVELOPMENT & PROGRAMMING.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[21] “STACY GREEN ELEVATED TO EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT, GLOBAL HUMAN RESOURCES & FACILITIES A+E NETWORKS.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[22] “Arturo Interian.” Variety. N.p., 10 Sept. 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[23] “Stacy Green.” Variety. N.p., 16 Dec. 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[24] “A+E Networks Names Jana Bennett President & General Manager of HISTORY.” TV By The Numbers by Zap2itcom. N.p., 18 Sept. 2015. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[25] “A&E – Shows, Schedules, Full Episodes & Videos.” Aetv. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[26] “A&E NETWORK SET TO AIR THE HIGHLY ANTICIPATED ORIGINAL DRAMA SERIES “THE FRANKENSTEIN CHRONICLES” IN THE US.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[27] “A&E NETWORK TO PREMIERE NEW ORIGINAL DOCU-SERIES ‘BORN THIS WAY’ TUESDAY, DECEMBER 8 AT 10:00 PM ET/PT.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[28] “A&E NETWORK PREMIERES SEASON FOUR OF SCRIPTED CRIME DRAMA “UNFORGETTABLE”” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[29] “History.com.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[30] “HISTORY® Greenlights Docu-Drama ‘Barbarians Rising’ Revealing the True Stories of Legendary Warriors.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[31] “HISTORY® GREENLIGHTS NEW SERIES ‘JOIN OR DIE WITH CRAIG FERGUSON’.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[32] “HISTORY®, A&E AND LIFETIME GREENLIGHT ROOTS.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[33] “Lifetime TV & Movies, Full Episodes, Games & Sweepstakes.” Lifetime TV & Movies, Full Episodes, Games & Sweepstakes. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[34] “WAR & PEACE REIMAGINED FOR A NEW GENERATION PREMIERES ON LIFETIME, A&E AND HISTORY JANUARY 18.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[35] “GET READY TO BE PITCH SLAPPED WITH LIFETIME’S NEW A CAPPELLA DOCUSERIES PREMIERING JANUARY 5.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[36] “FYI Network – Shows, Schedules, Full Episodes & Videos.” FYI.tv. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[37] “FYI’S NEW ORIGINAL SERIES “#BLACKLOVE” PREMIERES TUESDAY, DECEMBER 8 AT 10:15PM ET.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.

[38] “FYI™ PREMIERES PRIMETIME TALK SHOW “KOCKTAILS WITH KHLOÉ” WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 9 AT 10PM ET.” A+E Networks – Life Is Entertaining. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.